Το Αιγαίο μοναδική θάλασσα στον πλανήτη γη στην οποία δεν εφαρμόζονται 12 ναυτικά μίλια χωρικά ύδατα!

Γράφει ο Ανδρέας Σταλίδης.

Παραθέτω λίστα από το CIA Factboook με την έκταση χωρικών υδάτων 197 χωρών ή περιοχών του πλανήτη Γη.

Από αυτές, μόνο 7 έχουν λιγότερα από 12 ναυτικά μίλια

• Τo νησί Μπουβέ (Bouvet Island κοντά στην Ανταρκτική), τα Κοραλλιογενή Νησιά (Coral Sea Islands) και η Γροινλανδία που έχουν 4, 3 και 3 μίλια αντιστοίχως δεν έχουν κανέναν γείτονα κοντά τους, ώστε απολαμβάνουν πολύ μεγαλύτερη ΑΟΖ, οπότε ουσιαστικά έχουν κυριαρχία σε έκταση πλέον των 12 μιλίων ούτως ή άλλως
• Η Σιγκαπούρη και το Γιβραλτάρ, λόγω στενότητας της θάλασσας με τους γείτονές τους, ούτως ή άλλως εμποδίζονται από την εφαρμογή της μέσης γραμμής για να έχουν περισσότερα από τα 3 μίλια που εφαρμόζουν

Μας μένει η Ελλάδα και η Τουρκία.

Σημειώνω λοιπόν ότι η Τουρκία εφαρμόζει 12 ναυτικά μίλια χωρικά ύδατα στον Εύξεινο Πόντο και στην Ανατολική Μεσόγειο, ήδη από τη δεκαετία του 1960, δηλαδή παντού εκτός από το Αιγαίο Πέλαγος.

Έτσι, κατ’ ουσίαν, μόνο το Αιγαίο Πέλαγος σε όλον τον πλανήτη Γη, όπου οι παράκτιες χώρες δεν εφαρμόζουν το απλό δικαίωμα χρήσης 12 ναυτικών μιλίων για τα χωρικά ύδατα.

Οι 7 χώρες και περιοχές.

1	Bouvet Island	territorial sea: 4 nm
2	Coral Sea Islands	territorial sea: 3 nm
3	Gibraltar	territorial sea: 3 nm
4	Greece	territorial sea: 6 nm
5	Greenland	territorial sea: 3 nm
6	Singapore	territorial sea: 3 nm
7	Turkey (Turkiye)	territorial sea: 6 nm in the Aegean Sea

Πηγή – https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/maritime-claims/

Το σύνολο των 197 παράκτιων χωρών και περιοχών.

1	Albania	territorial sea: 12 nm
2	Algeria	territorial sea: 12 nm
3	American Samoa	territorial sea: 12 nm
4	Angola	territorial sea: 12 nm
5	Anguilla	territorial sea: 12 nm
6	Antigua and Barbuda	territorial sea: 12 nm
7	Argentina	territorial sea: 12 nm
8	Aruba	territorial sea: 12 nm
9	Ashmore and Cartier Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
10	Australia	territorial sea: 12 nm
11	Bahamas, The	territorial sea: 12 nm
12	Bahrain	territorial sea: 12 nm
13	Bangladesh	territorial sea: 12 nm
14	Barbados	territorial sea: 12 nm
15	Belgium	territorial sea: 12 nm
16	Belize	territorial sea: 12 nm in the north, 3 nm in the south; note – from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize’s territorial sea is 3 nm; according to Belize’s Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for negotiating a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala
17	Benin	territorial sea: 200 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claim
18	Bermuda	territorial sea: 12 nm
19	Bouvet Island	territorial sea: 4 nm
20	Brazil	territorial sea: 12 nm
21	British Indian Ocean Territory	territorial sea: 12 nm
22	British Virgin Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
23	Brunei	territorial sea: 12 nm
24	Bulgaria	territorial sea: 12 nm
25	Burma	territorial sea: 12 nm
26	Cabo Verde	territorial sea: 12 nm
27	Cambodia	territorial sea: 12 nm
28	Cameroon	territorial sea: 12 nm
29	Canada	territorial sea: 12 nm
30	Cayman Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
31	Chile	territorial sea: 12 nm
32	China	territorial sea: 12 nm
33	Christmas Island	territorial sea: 12 nm
34	Clipperton Island	territorial sea: 12 nm
35	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
36	Colombia	territorial sea: 12 nm
37	Comoros	territorial sea: 12 nm
38	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	territorial sea: 12 nm
39	Congo, Republic of the	territorial sea: 12 nm
40	Cook Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
41	Coral Sea Islands	territorial sea: 3 nm
42	Costa Rica	territorial sea: 12 nm
43	Cote d’Ivoire	territorial sea: 12 nm
44	Croatia	territorial sea: 12 nm
45	Cuba	territorial sea: 12 nm
46	Curacao	territorial sea: 12 nm
47	Cyprus	territorial sea: 12 nm
48	Denmark	territorial sea: 12 nm
49	Djibouti	territorial sea: 12 nm
50	Dominica	territorial sea: 12 nm
51	Dominican Republic	territorial sea: 12 nm
52	Ecuador	territorial sea: 12 nm
53	Egypt	territorial sea: 12 nm
54	El Salvador	territorial sea: 12 nm
55	Equatorial Guinea	territorial sea: 12 nm
56	Eritrea	territorial sea: 12 nm
57	Estonia	territorial sea: 12 nm
58	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)	territorial sea: 12 nm
59	Faroe Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
60	Fiji	territorial sea: 12 nm
61	Finland	territorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland – 3 nm)
62	France	territorial sea: 12 nm
63	French Polynesia	territorial sea: 12 nm
64	French Southern and Antarctic Lands	territorial sea: 12 nm
65	Gabon	territorial sea: 12 nm
66	Gambia, The	territorial sea: 12 nm
67	Georgia	territorial sea: 12 nm
68	Germany	territorial sea: 12 nm
69	Ghana	territorial sea: 12 nm
70	Gibraltar	territorial sea: 3 nm
71	Greece	territorial sea: 6 nm
72	Greenland	territorial sea: 3 nm
73	Grenada	territorial sea: 12 nm
74	Guam	territorial sea: 12 nm
75	Guatemala	territorial sea: 12 nm
76	Guernsey	territorial sea: 12 nm
77	Guinea	territorial sea: 12 nm
78	Guinea-Bissau	territorial sea: 12 nm
79	Guyana	territorial sea: 12 nm
80	Haiti	territorial sea: 12 nm
81	Heard Island and McDonald Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
82	Honduras	territorial sea: 12 nm
83	Hong Kong	territorial sea: 12 nm
84	Iceland	territorial sea: 12 nm
85	India	territorial sea: 12 nm
86	Indonesia	territorial sea: 12 nm
87	Iran	territorial sea: 12 nm
88	Iraq	territorial sea: 12 nm
89	Ireland	territorial sea: 12 nm
90	Isle of Man	territorial sea: 12 nm
91	Israel	territorial sea: 12 nm
92	Italy	territorial sea: 12 nm
93	Jamaica	territorial sea: 12 nm
94	Jan Mayen	territorial sea: 12 nm
95	Japan	territorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the international straits – La Perouse or Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and the Korea and Tsushima Straits
96	Jersey	territorial sea: 12 nm
97	Jordan	territorial sea: 3 nm
98	Kenya	territorial sea: 12 nm
99	Kiribati	territorial sea: 12 nm
100	Korea, North	territorial sea: 12 nm
101	Korea, South	territorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the Korea Strait
102	Kuwait	territorial sea: 12 nm
103	Latvia	territorial sea: 12 nm
104	Lebanon	territorial sea: 12 nm
105	Liberia	territorial sea: 12 nm
106	Libya	territorial sea: 12 nm
107	Lithuania	territorial sea: 12 nm
108	Madagascar	territorial sea: 12 nm
109	Malaysia	territorial sea: 12 nm
110	Maldives	territorial sea: 12 nm
111	Malta	territorial sea: 12 nm
112	Marshall Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
113	Mauritania	territorial sea: 12 nm
114	Mauritius	territorial sea: 12 nm
115	Mexico	territorial sea: 12 nm
116	Micronesia, Federated States of	territorial sea: 12 nm
117	Monaco	territorial sea: 12 nm
118	Montenegro	territorial sea: 12 nm
119	Montserrat	territorial sea: 12 nm
120	Morocco	territorial sea: 12 nm
121	Mozambique	territorial sea: 12 nm
122	Namibia	territorial sea: 12 nm
123	Nauru	territorial sea: 12 nm
124	Navassa Island	territorial sea: 12 nm
125	Netherlands	territorial sea: 12 nm
126	New Caledonia	territorial sea: 12 nm
127	New Zealand	territorial sea: 12 nm
128	Nicaragua	territorial sea: 12 nm
129	Nigeria	territorial sea: 12 nm
130	Niue	territorial sea: 12 nm
131	Norfolk Island	territorial sea: 12 nm
132	Northern Mariana Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
133	Norway	territorial sea: 12 nm
134	Oman	territorial sea: 12 nm
135	Pakistan	territorial sea: 12 nm
136	Palau	territorial sea: 12 nm
137	Panama	territorial sea: 12 nm
138	Papua New Guinea	territorial sea: 12 nm
139	Peru	territorial sea: 200 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claim
140	Philippines	territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea as wide as 285 nm
141	Pitcairn Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
142	Poland	territorial sea: 12 nm
143	Portugal	territorial sea: 12 nm
144	Puerto Rico	territorial sea: 12 nm
145	Qatar	territorial sea: 12 nm
146	Romania	territorial sea: 12 nm
147	Russia	territorial sea: 12 nm
148	Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha	territorial sea: 12 nm
149	Saint Kitts and Nevis	territorial sea: 12 nm
150	Saint Lucia	territorial sea: 12 nm
151	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	territorial sea: 12 nm
152	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	territorial sea: 12 nm
153	Samoa	territorial sea: 12 nm
154	Sao Tome and Principe	territorial sea: 12 nm
155	Saudi Arabia	territorial sea: 12 nm
156	Senegal	territorial sea: 12 nm
157	Seychelles	territorial sea: 12 nm
158	Sierra Leone	territorial sea: 12 nm
159	Singapore	territorial sea: 3 nm
160	Sint Maarten	territorial sea: 12 nm
161	Slovenia	territorial sea: 12 nm
162	Solomon Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
163	Somalia	territorial sea: 200 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claim
164	South Africa	territorial sea: 12 nm
165	South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
166	Spain	territorial sea: 12 nm
167	Sri Lanka	territorial sea: 12 nm
168	Sudan	territorial sea: 12 nm
169	Suriname	territorial sea: 12 nm
170	Svalbard	territorial sea: 12 nm
171	Sweden	territorial sea: 12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)
172	Syria	territorial sea: 12 nm
173	Taiwan	territorial sea: 12 nm
174	Tanzania	territorial sea: 12 nm
175	Thailand	territorial sea: 12 nm
176	Timor-Leste	territorial sea: 12 nm
177	Togo	territorial sea: 30 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claim
178	Tokelau	territorial sea: 12 nm
179	Tonga	territorial sea: 12 nm
180	Trinidad and Tobago	territorial sea: 12 nm
181	Tunisia	territorial sea: 12 nm
182	Turkey (Turkiye)	territorial sea: 6 nm in the Aegean Sea
183	Turks and Caicos Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
184	Tuvalu	territorial sea: 12 nm
185	Ukraine	territorial sea: 12 nm
186	United Arab Emirates	territorial sea: 12 nm
187	United Kingdom	territorial sea: 12 nm
188	United States	territorial sea: 12 nm
189	United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges	territorial sea: 12 nm
190	Uruguay	territorial sea: 12 nm
191	Vanuatu	territorial sea: 12 nm
192	Venezuela	territorial sea: 12 nm
193	Vietnam	territorial sea: 12 nm
194	Virgin Islands	territorial sea: 12 nm
195	Wake Island	territorial sea: 12 nm
196	Wallis and Futuna	territorial sea: 12 nm
197	Yemen	territorial sea: 12 nm